Pakistan Mein Bachon Ka Vaccination Schedule (EPI Guide)

EPI Kya Hai Aur Kahan Milta Hai

EPI ka matlab hai Expanded Programme on Immunization — Pakistan government ka national immunization program jo bachon ko 10+ khatarnaak bimariyon se bachata hai. Yeh sab vaccines bilkul free milti hain government ke Basic Health Units (BHU), Rural Health Centres (RHC), Civil Dispensaries, Tehsil aur District hospitals, aur Lady Health Worker visits par. Apna pink immunization card sambhal kar rakhna zaruri hai — har visit pe stamp lagwana.

Har Vaccine Kis Bimari Se Bachata Hai

• BCG: Tuberculosis (TB) — Pakistan mein TB common hai, isliye paida hote hi lagti hai
• OPV (oral polio): Polio ke qatre — Pakistan abhi bhi polio endemic hai, har dose zaruri
• Hepatitis B: Liver ki bimari aur liver cancer
• Pentavalent (Penta): 5-in-1 — Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough), Tetanus, Hep B, Hib (meningitis)
• PCV (Pneumococcal): Pneumonia aur meningitis
• Rota: Rotavirus dast — Pakistan mein bachon ki #2 mortality cause
• IPV (injectable polio): Additional polio protection
• Measles: Khasra — jaanleva ban sakta hai
• Typhoid Conjugate (TCV): 2019 se EPI mein shamil — Pakistan mein typhoid bohot zyada

Birth Doses — Paida Hote Hi

Paida hote hi 3 vaccines: BCG (bain bazu pe injection — chota nishan hamesha ke liye reh sakta hai, yeh normal hai), OPV-0 (muh mein qatre), aur Hepatitis B (injection). Aksar hospital mein paida hone par yeh do days mein lag jaati hain. Agar ghar par paida hua to 14 din ke andar nearest BHU lay jaein.

6, 10, 14 Hafte Ki Visits

Yeh routine visits sab se important hain — har visit pe 3-4 vaccines lagti hain. Multiple vaccines ek saath safe hain — research ne prove kiya hai immune system pe bojh nahi parta. Penta thigh (jangh) mein lagti hai, OPV muh mein qatre, Rota bhi muh mein liquid. Rota ki yeh do khurakein rotavirus wale bachon ke dast se bachati hain — Pakistan mein bachon ki maut ki doosri sab se badi wajah.

DPT Aur Pentavalent — Farq Kya Hai

Bohot se walidain "DPT ka teeka" poochte hain kyunke purane zamane mein DPT alag lagta tha. Ab Pakistan ke EPI mein alag DPT injection nahi lagta — DPT ke teeno components Pentavalent (Penta) ke andar aa chuke hain:

• D — Diphtheria (khusra-e-galoo / gale ki jhilli)
• P — Pertussis (kaali khansi / whooping cough)
• T — Tetanus (taashunnuj)
• Plus Hepatitis B aur Hib — isi liye ise 5-in-1 kehte hain

Yani agar aapke bachay ko 6, 10 aur 14 hafte par Penta-1, Penta-2 aur Penta-3 lag gayi hain, to DPT cover ho chuka hai — alag se koi DPT dose lagwane ki zarurat nahi. Agar aapke purane card par "DPT" likha hai to woh purana naming hai; nayi card par "Penta" likha milega. Confusion ho to apni LHW ya pediatrician ko card dikha kar confirm karwa lein.

Polio Ka Schedule — OPV Aur IPV Ka Farq

Pakistan un chand mulkon mein hai jahan polio abhi khatm nahi hua, isliye yahan polio ki doses baqi duniya se zyada hain. Do alag alag cheezein hain:

• OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) — muh mein qatre. Routine schedule mein OPV-0 birth par, phir OPV-1, OPV-2, OPV-3 6, 10 aur 14 hafte par.
• IPV (Injectable Polio Vaccine) — injection, routine schedule mein 14 hafte par. Yeh OPV ka replacement nahi, uske saath extra protection hai.

Is ke ilawa polio campaign ke dauran ghar ghar aane wale workers jo additional qatre pilate hain, woh routine doses ke upar hain — inhein "extra" samajh kar mana na karein. Har additional dose bachay ki immunity barhati hai aur ye bilkul safe hai, chahe bacha pehle hi saari routine doses le chuka ho.

9 Aur 15 Mahine — Measles Aur Typhoid

9 mahine pe Measles-1 (khasra) aur Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine lagti hai. 15 mahine pe Measles-2 booster. Measles ke 2 doses 95% protection dete hain. Typhoid conjugate vaccine 2019 se Pakistan ke routine schedule mein add hua — yeh XDR typhoid jo Pakistan mein zyada hai us se bachata hai.

Hamila Khawateen Ka TT Schedule

EPI sirf bachon ke liye nahi hai — hamila khawateen ka Tetanus Toxoid (TT) schedule bhi isi program ka hissa hai aur usi tarah free hai. Maqsad hai maa aur naye paida hone wale bachay dono ko neonatal tetanus se bachana, jo Pakistan mein aaj bhi newborn deaths ki wajah banta hai.

WHO aur EPI ka standard 5-dose structure yeh hai:

• TT-1 — pehle antenatal contact par, jitna jaldi mumkin ho
• TT-2 — TT-1 ke kam az kam 4 hafte baad
• TT-3 — TT-2 ke kam az kam 6 mahine baad
• TT-4 — TT-3 ke kam az kam 1 saal baad
• TT-5 — TT-4 ke kam az kam 1 saal baad

Paanch doses mukammal hone ke baad protection tawil arse tak rehti hai, isliye har hamal mein poora course dobara shuru karne ki zarurat nahi hoti — jahan se chhuta wahin se aagay barhaya jata hai. Aapke apne case mein kaun si dose baqi hai, yeh aapka card dekh kar LHW ya gynecologist hi bata sakti hain — antenatal visit par card zarur saath le jayein.

Vaccine Ke Side Effects — Kya Normal Hai

Mamoli side effects bilkul normal hain aur batate hain ke vaccine kaam kar rahi hai:

• Halka bukhar 24-48 ghante (Calpol/paracetamol wazn ke hisab se dein)
• Injection wali jagah lali, sujan, ya halka dard
• Halki sustai, zyada sona, kam khaana 1-2 din
• Halki fussiness ya rona

Serious reactions bohot rare hain — 30 minute clinic mein ruk kar dekh lena ideal hai. Allergic reaction ki nishani: tezi se rash, chehre/zubaan sujan, saans phoolna — foran emergency.

Foran Doctor Se Milein Agar:

• Bukhar 39C (102.2F) se zyada
• Persistent rona 3+ ghante
• Daura (seizure)
• Bachay ki sustai bohot zyada, jagana mushkil
• Allergic reaction — sujan, rash spreading, breathing trouble
• Injection site par badhti hui sujan ya pus

Aam Galat Fehmiyaan Door Karein

"Vaccines se autism hota hai" — Ghalat. 1998 ki ek study jhooti thi aur withdraw ho chuki hai. Lakhon bachon par research ne saabit kiya: vaccines aur autism mein koi taluq nahi.

"Polio qatre se bachay ko nuksan hota hai" — Bilkul ghalat. Polio Pakistan se khatm karne ki koshish jari hai. Campaign mein additional drops bilkul safe hain — extra protection dete hain. Workers ko gate par mat rokein.

"Vaccines mein haraam ajzaa hote hain" — Ghalat. Pakistan mein use hone wali EPI vaccines Islamic Advisory Group se halal-certified hain.

"Multiple vaccines ek hi din mein khatarnaak hain" — Ghalat. Bachon ka immune system roz lakhon germs handle karta hai. 4-5 vaccines ek saath bilkul safe aur efficient hain.

"Vaccines bandiyaan banane ke liye hain" — Bilkul jhooti propaganda. Yeh khatarnaak afwah hai jis se Pakistan mein bachay marte hain.

Dose Miss Ho Jaye To — Catch-up Kaise Hota Hai

Yeh sab se aam sawal hai, aur iska jawab walidain ke liye tasalli bakhsh hai: schedule dobara zero se shuru nahi karna parta. Chahe do hafte ki der ho ya kai mahine ki, jahan se silsila toota hai wahin se aagay barhaya jata hai — pehle lagi hui doses zaya nahi hoti.

• Nearest BHU, RHC ya district hospital le jayein aur pink card zarur saath rakhein — usi se staff dekh kar batayega kaunsi dose baqi hai.
• Card gum ho gaya ho to bhi jayein — health centre andaza laga kar mehfooz catch-up plan bana deta hai.
• Kuch vaccines ki umar ki hadd hoti hai (misaal ke taur par Rota chote bachon tak mehdood hai), isliye der ka matlab kabhi kabhi yeh hota hai ke woh khaas vaccine ab nahi lagegi — baqi saari phir bhi lagti hain.
• Umar barh jane par bhi Measles aur Typhoid conjugate ki doses aksar lagai ja sakti hain — pediatrician se poochein.

Ahem baat: catch-up plan hamesha pediatrician, LHW ya EPI centre ke staff se banwayein — khud se doses ka faisla na karein. Agar clinic jane se pehle samajhna chahte hain ke kya poochna hai, to Ilaaj AI pe pediatrician se online mashwara le kar apne sawalat tayar kar sakte hain.

Pink Card Sambhal Kar Rakhain

Immunization card school admission, Pakistan se bahar travel (yellow fever certificate ya polio certificate), aur catch-up doses ke liye zaruri hai. Photo bhi mobile mein rakhain backup ke liye. Khaarij ho jaye to nearest health centre se duplicate ban sakti hai.

Conclusion

Vaccination Pakistan ke bachon ki sab se sasti, asaan aur asar daar protection hai — bilkul free, sirf ehsas chahiye. Schedule yaad rakhain ya phone mein reminder lagayein. Ilaaj AI par aap apne bachay ka schedule check karwa sakte hain, miss hone wali doses par pediatrician se mashwara le sakte hain — ghar baithe, kisi waqt bhi.